為何今年玉米生長異常
最近,不少農民反映玉米生長異常,很多玉米出現了空稈、多duo穗sui和he香xiang蕉jiao穗sui現xian象xiang,想xiang問wen問wen是shi啥sha原yuan因yin導dao致zhi的de,為wei此ci,記ji者zhe特te意yi采cai訪fang了le沈shen陽yang農nong業ye大da學xue教jiao授shou史shi振zhen聲sheng,他ta說shuo,今jin年nian的de玉yu米mi生sheng長chang異yi常chang是shi高gao溫wen幹gan旱han所suo致zhi。
據ju介jie紹shao,多duo穗sui主zhu要yao是shi由you於yu土tu壤rang肥fei沃wo,肥fei水shui充chong足zu,養yang分fen過guo剩sheng造zao成cheng的de。今jin年nian玉yu米mi雌ci穗sui分fen化hua階jie段duan,光guang照zhao充chong足zu,肥fei水shui條tiao件jian適shi宜yi,光guang合he積ji累lei多duo是shi形xing成cheng多duo穗sui的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin。同tong時shi,夏xia季ji高gao溫wen,造zao成cheng某mou些xie生sheng育yu期qi長chang的de品pin種zhong花hua期qi不bu遇yu,受shou粉fen不bu良liang,從cong而er使shi已yi進jin入ru生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang階jie段duan植zhi物wu體ti的de養yang分fen更geng加jia過guo剩sheng,加jia重zhong了le這zhe種zhong多duo穗sui現xian象xiang。
香(xiang)蕉(jiao)穗(sui)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)玉(yu)米(mi)雌(ci)穗(sui)分(fen)化(hua)形(xing)成(cheng)期(qi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)幹(gan)旱(han)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)。一(yi)些(xie)品(pin)種(zhong)大(da)小(xiao)穗(sui)分(fen)化(hua)階(jie)段(duan),遇(yu)到(dao)少(shao)有(you)的(de)幹(gan)旱(han)天(tian)氣(qi),使(shi)某(mou)些(xie)玉(yu)米(mi)雌(ci)穗(sui)分(fen)化(hua)中(zhong)後(hou)期(qi)受(shou)到(dao)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang),使(shi)果(guo)穗(sui)的(de)主(zhu)軸(zhou)不(bu)再(zai)發(fa)育(yu),中(zhong)斷(duan)養(yang)分(fen)運(yun)輸(shu)。玉(yu)米(mi)雌(ci)穗(sui)從(cong)植(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)上(shang)講(jiang)是(shi)屬(shu)於(yu)變(bian)態(tai)的(de)側(ce)莖(jing),果(guo)穗(sui)柄(bing)為(wei)縮(suo)短(duan)的(de)莖(jing)稈(gan),各(ge)節(jie)生(sheng)一(yi)個(ge)僅(jin)有(you)葉(ye)鞘(qiao)的(de)變(bian)態(tai)葉(ye),稱(cheng)為(wei)包(bao)葉(ye),在(zai)變(bian)態(tai)葉(ye)的(de)葉(ye)腋(ye)中(zhong)也(ye)和(he)主(zhu)莖(jing)一(yi)樣(yang),潛(qian)伏(fu)著(zhe)一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)腋(ye)芽(ya),在(zai)養(yang)分(fen)積(ji)累(lei)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),主(zhu)軸(zhou)死(si)亡(wang),從(cong)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)這(zhe)些(xie)潛(qian)伏(fu)莖(jing)的(de)萌(meng)動(dong),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)穗(sui)現(xian)象(xiang)。但(dan)是(shi)當(dang)潛(qian)伏(fu)芽(ya)萌(meng)生(sheng)形(xing)成(cheng)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)穗(sui)開(kai)始(shi)吐(tu)絲(si)時(shi),玉(yu)米(mi)雄(xiong)穗(sui)己(ji)到(dao)了(le)散(san)粉(fen)末(mo)期(qi)或(huo)己(ji)散(san)粉(fen)結(jie)束(shu),花(hua)粉(fen)供(gong)應(ying)不(bu)上(shang),從(cong)而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)無(wu)粒(li)或(huo)結(jie)粒(li)很(hen)少(shao)的(de)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)穗(sui)。
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另(ling)外(wai),有(you)的(de)玉(yu)米(mi)結(jie)實(shi)不(bu)良(liang)原(yuan)因(yin)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)抽(chou)雄(xiong)開(kai)花(hua)時(shi)期(qi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)旱(han)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)。玉(yu)米(mi)抽(chou)雄(xiong)開(kai)花(hua)時(shi)期(qi)是(shi)玉(yu)米(mi)一(yi)生(sheng)中(zhong)對(dui)水(shui)分(fen)最(zui)敏(min)感(gan)時(shi)期(qi),此(ci)期(qi)也(ye)被(bei)稱(cheng)作(zuo)玉(yu)米(mi)需(xu)水(shui)臨(lin)界(jie)期(qi)。今(jin)年(nian)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)幹(gan)旱(han)少(shao)雨(yu),使(shi)雌(ci)穗(sui)花(hua)絲(si)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)比(bi)雄(xiong)穗(sui)開(kai)花(hua)要(yao)晚(wan)10tianyishang,zaochenglecisuitusishi,xiongsuisanfenjijingjieshuhuojibenjieshu,youyuhuafenqueshao,guxingchengwulihuojielihenshaodeyumibang。tongshi,zaipeishangmiduguoda,boqiguowandengyuanyinyehuizaochengyumishengchangyichang。
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