儀器網總結出2012年全年國內糧油市場保持穩定
來源: http://www.98fo.cn/ 類別:行業資訊 更新時間:2013-02-01 閱讀次
【本資訊由中國糧油儀器網提供】 今年我國糧油進口量大幅度增加,引起了各方對國家糧食安全問題的關注。儀器網從總體上判斷,糧油進口數量增加,有利於國內糧油市場穩定。預計糧油進口會因全球糧油價格飆升而有所減少,但是目前國內玉米、xiaomaihedamishichangbingmeiyouxingchengduijinkoudeyilai,dangqianguoneiliangyoukucunchongyu,chucunjiegougaishan,jiagequyuwending,qiuliangfengshouzaiwang,haibiaoxianchuxindezhouqixingbianhuaqushi,guoneiliangyoushichangyoutiaojianshixianwendingyunxing。
(一)盡(jin)管(guan)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)持(chi)續(xu)高(gao)位(wei)運(yun)行(xing),供(gong)給(gei)偏(pian)緊(jin)趨(qu)勢(shi)明(ming)顯(xian),但(dan)是(shi)到(dao)目(mu)前(qian)為(wei)止(zhi),通(tong)過(guo)增(zeng)加(jia)飼(si)用(yong)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)仍(reng)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)給(gei)美(mei)國(guo)玉(yu)米(mi)大(da)減(jian)產(chan),使(shi)得(de)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)資(zi)源(yuan)促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)難(nan)度(du)加(jia)大(da)。預(yu)計(ji)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang),玉(yu)米(mi)進(jin)口(kou)將(jiang)減(jian)少(shao),但(dan)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)仍(reng)將(jiang)保(bao)持(chi)自(zi)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng)特(te)征(zheng)。
2011年秋季玉米上市後,在大幅度增產預期之下,玉米價格出現了正常的季節性回落。到12月,受黃淮海地區玉米降水偏多、pinzhixiajiangheshangshishijiantuichideyingxiang,dongbeidiquxinchanyumijiagetiqianjieshujijiexinghuiluoxingqingfandan,huanghuaihaidiquyumijiageyezaigaoweiqiwen。zaisiliaoxuqiugengduodijizhongyudongbeideladongxia,dongbeidiquyumijiagebuduanshangzhang,bingladonglenanfangxiaoqusiliaoyumijiageshangxing。2012年(nian),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)在(zai)供(gong)給(gei)方(fang)麵(mian)存(cun)在(zai)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)矛(mao)盾(dun),玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)繼(ji)續(xu)高(gao)於(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)價(jia)格(ge),使(shi)得(de)更(geng)多(duo)小(xiao)麥(mai)替(ti)代(dai)玉(yu)米(mi)進(jin)入(ru)飼(si)料(liao)消(xiao)費(fei)領(ling)域(yu)。今(jin)年(nian)飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)估(gu)計(ji)有(you)1200萬噸,從澳大利亞進口157萬wan噸dun小xiao麥mai,基ji本ben上shang進jin入ru了le南nan方fang飼si料liao消xiao費fei市shi場chang。黃huang淮huai海hai地di區qu大da量liang的de低di品pin質zhi玉yu米mi不bu為wei南nan方fang飼si料liao養yang殖zhi企qi業ye接jie受shou,導dao致zhi東dong北bei地di區qu質zhi量liang符fu合he南nan方fang養yang殖zhi企qi業ye需xu要yao的de優you質zhi玉yu米mi價jia格ge被bei拉la高gao。雖sui然ran今jin年nian玉yu米mi進jin口kou量liang達da到dao240萬wan噸dun,但dan並bing不bu表biao明ming國guo內nei玉yu米mi市shi場chang已yi經jing需xu要yao進jin口kou玉yu米mi來lai實shi現xian供gong求qiu平ping衡heng,因yin為wei這zhe些xie玉yu米mi絕jue大da部bu分fen沒mei有you直zhi接jie進jin入ru市shi場chang而er是shi形xing成cheng了le國guo家jia儲chu備bei。從cong目mu前qian的de情qing況kuang看kan,接jie新xin前qian也ye不bu需xu要yao動dong用yong這zhe部bu分fen玉yu米mi來lai增zeng加jia市shi場chang供gong應ying。國guo內nei玉yu米mi大da豐feng收shou,玉yu米mi和he小xiao麥mai進jin口kou增zeng加jia,國guo內nei玉yu米mi及ji飼si用yong小xiao麥mai供gong應ying增zeng加jia,在zai這zhe些xie因yin素su的de共gong同tong作zuo用yong下xia,2012年國內玉米供求情況總體好於2011年。
雖(sui)然(ran)目(mu)前(qian)東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)還(hai)在(zai)上(shang)漲(zhang),但(dan)在(zai)很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)應(ying)該(gai)歸(gui)為(wei)成(cheng)本(ben)推(tui)動(dong)。統(tong)計(ji)顯(xian)示(shi),目(mu)前(qian)東(dong)北(bei)各(ge)地(di)商(shang)品(pin)玉(yu)米(mi)庫(ku)存(cun)數(shu)量(liang)均(jun)較(jiao)同(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)加(jia)。關(guan)於(yu)東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)優(you)質(zhi)飼(si)用(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)即(ji)將(jiang)告(gao)罄(qing),價(jia)格(ge)將(jiang)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)上(shang)漲(zhang)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)缺(que)乏(fa)事(shi)實(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)。前(qian)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)華(hua)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)增(zeng)長(chang)幅(fu)度(du)已(yi)經(jing)低(di)於(yu)財(cai)務(wu)費(fei)用(yong)的(de)增(zeng)長(chang)幅(fu)度(du),存(cun)有(you)商(shang)品(pin)玉(yu)米(mi)庫(ku)存(cun)的(de)貿(mao)易(yi)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)少(shao)已(yi)經(jing)發(fa)生(sheng)潛(qian)虧(kui)。現(xian)在(zai)距(ju)接(jie)新(xin)隻(zhi)有(you)不(bu)到(dao)兩(liang)個(ge)月(yue)時(shi)間(jian),貿(mao)易(yi)商(shang)出(chu)貨(huo)數(shu)量(liang)已(yi)經(jing)增(zeng)加(jia),導(dao)致(zhi)河(he)北(bei)市(shi)場(chang)玉(yu)米(mi)下(xia)行(xing)行(xing)情(qing)出(chu)現(xian)。美(mei)國(guo)大(da)旱(han)給(gei)全(quan)球(qiu)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)甚(shen)至(zhi)全(quan)球(qiu)整(zheng)個(ge)穀(gu)物(wu)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)求(qiu)帶(dai)來(lai)重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang),國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)玉(yu)米(mi)期(qi)價(jia)已(yi)經(jing)創(chuang)出(chu)曆(li)史(shi)新(xin)高(gao)。根(gen)據(ju)最(zui)新(xin)報(bao)價(jia),從(cong)美(mei)國(guo)進(jin)口(kou)玉(yu)米(mi)到(dao)我(wo)國(guo)南(nan)方(fang)港(gang)口(kou)完(wan)稅(shui)後(hou)的(de)價(jia)格(ge),每(mei)噸(dun)比(bi)國(guo)產(chan)東(dong)北(bei)玉(yu)米(mi)南(nan)方(fang)港(gang)口(kou)分(fen)銷(xiao)價(jia)格(ge)高(gao)200元(yuan)左(zuo)右(you)。國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)再(zai)度(du)高(gao)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei),利(li)用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)兩(liang)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)滿(man)足(zu)國(guo)內(nei)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)難(nan)度(du)加(jia)大(da)。度(du)全(quan)球(qiu)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)已(yi)經(jing)由(you)於(yu)美(mei)國(guo)玉(yu)米(mi)因(yin)災(zai)減(jian)產(chan)而(er)呈(cheng)現(xian)供(gong)給(gei)偏(pian)緊(jin)的(de)格(ge)局(ju),今(jin)年(nian)美(mei)國(guo)玉(yu)米(mi)產(chan)量(liang)又(you)因(yin)旱(han)大(da)降(jiang),使(shi)得(de)我(wo)國(guo)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)外(wai)部(bu)環(huan)境(jing)變(bian)差(cha)。但(dan)是(shi),目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)庫(ku)存(cun)情(qing)況(kuang)明(ming)顯(xian)好(hao)於(yu),小(xiao)麥(mai)庫(ku)存(cun)又(you)十(shi)分(fen)充(chong)裕(yu),加(jia)之(zhi)受(shou)整(zheng)個(ge)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)趨(qu)緩(huan)影(ying)響(xiang),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)消(xiao)費(fei)增(zeng)長(chang)放(fang)緩(huan),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)並(bing)不(bu)必(bi)須(xu)依(yi)靠(kao)進(jin)口(kou)玉(yu)米(mi)才(cai)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng),因(yin)此(ci)預(yu)測(ce),隻(zhi)要(yao)2012年玉米生產能夠獲得好收成,國內玉米市場能夠在全球玉米供求偏緊的狀況下實現基本穩定。
(二)全球小麥供求狀況較變差,預計我國飼料小麥進口數量將減少
糧油儀器網(wang)指(zhi)出(chu),目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)給(gei)充(chong)足(zu),飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei)增(zeng)加(jia),並(bing)不(bu)會(hui)帶(dai)來(lai)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)求(qiu)失(shi)衡(heng)問(wen)題(ti)。今(jin)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)托(tuo)市(shi)收(shou)購(gou)普(pu)遍(bian)啟(qi)動(dong),國(guo)家(jia)收(shou)購(gou)數(shu)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia),這(zhe)為(wei)穩(wen)定(ding)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)市(shi)場(chang)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)強(qiang)大(da)物(wu)質(zhi)保(bao)障(zhang)。由(you)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)消(xiao)費(fei)快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)長(chang),改(gai)變(bian)了(le)玉(yu)米(mi)與(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)的(de)比(bi)價(jia)關(guan)係(xi),玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)大(da)大(da)高(gao)於(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)價(jia)格(ge),促(cu)進(jin)了(le)飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)用(yong)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)。2011/2012年度全國飼用小麥年消費量增至2300萬(wan)噸(dun)甚(shen)至(zhi)更(geng)多(duo)。大(da)量(liang)小(xiao)麥(mai)進(jin)入(ru)飼(si)料(liao)養(yang)殖(zhi)領(ling)域(yu),使(shi)得(de)當(dang)年(nian)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)大(da)於(yu)當(dang)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)產(chan)量(liang)。但(dan)是(shi),盡(jin)管(guan)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)庫(ku)存(cun)下(xia)降(jiang),可(ke)與(yu)龐(pang)大(da)的(de)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)庫(ku)存(cun)水(shui)平(ping)相(xiang)比(bi),下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)程(cheng)度(du)有(you)限(xian),在(zai)很(hen)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)大(da)於(yu)求(qiu)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)格(ge)局(ju)不(bu)會(hui)改(gai)變(bian)。今(jin)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)進(jin)口(kou)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)新(xin)特(te)征(zheng),與(yu)國(guo)內(nei)消(xiao)費(fei)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)有(you)關(guan),也(ye)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)全(quan)球(qiu)糧(liang)食(shi)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)給(gei)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)特(te)征(zheng),即(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)給(gei)偏(pian)緊(jin),而(er)全(quan)球(qiu)小(xiao)麥(mai)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)給(gei)充(chong)足(zu),飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)應(ying)增(zeng)加(jia)。預(yu)計(ji)2012/2013年度全球小麥供求狀況將較要差一些,美國農業部目前預測世界小麥總產量將減至6.65億噸,較減產4.3%。俄羅斯、烏克蘭、哈薩克斯坦、澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞(ya)等(deng)小(xiao)麥(mai)出(chu)口(kou)國(guo)家(jia)減(jian)產(chan),雖(sui)然(ran)采(cai)取(qu)出(chu)口(kou)限(xian)製(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)較(jiao)低(di),但(dan)出(chu)口(kou)能(neng)力(li)下(xia)降(jiang),必(bi)然(ran)影(ying)響(xiang)世(shi)界(jie)小(xiao)麥(mai)貿(mao)易(yi)。聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)糧(liang)農(nong)組(zu)織(zhi)預(yu)測(ce),2012/2013年度世界小麥貿易量將較有所降低。
今jin年nian我wo國guo從cong澳ao大da利li亞ya進jin口kou的de小xiao麥mai最zui多duo,主zhu要yao是shi用yong於yu飼si料liao消xiao費fei,因yin為wei澳ao大da利li亞ya小xiao麥mai運yun到dao國guo內nei後hou的de完wan稅shui價jia格ge比bi國guo產chan玉yu米mi價jia格ge還hai低di。目mu前qian受shou玉yu米mi價jia格ge上shang漲zhang拉la動dong,國guo際ji市shi場chang小xiao麥mai價jia格ge創chuang出chu四si年nian來lai新xin高gao。預yu計ji由you於yu國guo際ji市shi場chang小xiao麥mai供gong給gei能neng力li下xia降jiang,飼si料liao小xiao麥mai替ti代dai玉yu米mi消xiao費fei用yong量liang減jian少shao,通tong過guo增zeng加jia進jin口kou小xiao麥mai彌mi補bu玉yu米mi供gong給gei不bu足zu的de作zuo法fa可ke能neng無wu法fa繼ji續xu。但dan是shi進jin口kou飼si料liao小xiao麥mai數shu量liang減jian產chan,不bu會hui帶dai來lai大da的de影ying響xiang,因yin為wei國guo內nei小xiao麥mai庫ku存cun充chong裕yu,可ke以yi通tong過guo動dong用yong國guo內nei小xiao麥mai庫ku存cun的de辦ban法fa,滿man足zu國guo內nei市shi場chang需xu要yao。
我wo國guo是shi傳chuan統tong的de小xiao麥mai進jin口kou國guo,每mei年nian都dou需xu要yao進jin口kou部bu分fen優you質zhi小xiao麥mai以yi滿man足zu國guo內nei高gao端duan消xiao費fei需xu求qiu。國guo際ji市shi場chang小xiao麥mai出chu口kou國guo家jia呈cheng現xian多duo元yuan化hua特te征zheng,這zhe對dui我wo國guo小xiao麥mai進jin口kou有you利li。
(三)稻米進口增加在一定程度上強化了“稻強米弱”格(ge)局(ju),有(you)利(li)於(yu)穩(wen)定(ding)國(guo)內(nei)秈(xian)稻(dao)市(shi)場(chang),但(dan)也(ye)給(gei)糧(liang)食(shi)形(xing)勢(shi)經(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)帶(dai)來(lai)價(jia)格(ge)下(xia)行(xing)壓(ya)力(li)當(dang)前(qian)需(xu)要(yao)把(ba)握(wo)好(hao)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)節(jie)奏(zou),既(ji)要(yao)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)穩(wen)定(ding),也(ye)要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)進(jin)口(kou)大(da)米(mi)對(dui)國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)形(xing)成(cheng)衝(chong)擊(ji)。
今jin年nian稻dao米mi進jin口kou量liang增zeng加jia較jiao多duo,在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang反fan映ying了le國guo內nei稻dao米mi市shi場chang供gong求qiu出chu現xian變bian化hua的de新xin情qing況kuang。隨sui著zhe我wo國guo粳jing稻dao供gong求qiu偏pian緊jin的de狀zhuang況kuang改gai變bian,國guo內nei秈xian稻dao供gong求qiu又you顯xian偏pian緊jin價jia格ge持chi續xu上shang行xing。持chi續xu上shang漲zhang的de國guo內nei秈xian米mi價jia格ge,為wei進jin口kou一yi般ban品pin質zhi秈xian米mi提ti供gong了le市shi場chang條tiao件jian。建jian議yi目mu前qian不bu必bi過guo於yu擔dan心xin進jin口kou秈xian米mi會hui衝chong擊ji國guo內nei市shi場chang,因yin為wei當dang前qian的de主zhu要yao矛mao盾dun是shi在zai全quan球qiu糧liang油you供gong求qiu總zong體ti偏pian緊jin並bing會hui持chi續xu一yi段duan時shi間jian的de大da背bei景jing下xia,努nu力li實shi現xian國guo內nei糧liang油you市shi場chang穩wen定ding。我wo國guo大da豆dou進jin口kou量liang接jie近jin6000wandun,yumijinkoushuliangyijingkaishizhunianzengjia,guoneixiaomaishichangyeyinsiliaoxiaomaixiaofeizengjiaerzhuanweichanliangxiaoyuxiaofeiliang,suiranguoneidaomishichanggongqiujibenpingheng,danxiandaoshichanggongqiulvexianpianjin。jinkouyibufendijiaxianmi,keyigaishanmuqiandeshichanggongyinghegaibianshichangkanzhangyuqi,yizhijiagedefeilixingshangzhang。
南nan方fang稻dao米mi銷xiao區qu對dui秈xian米mi的de消xiao費fei需xu求qiu很hen大da,增zeng加jia秈xian稻dao庫ku存cun是shi穩wen定ding市shi場chang的de重zhong要yao保bao證zheng。在zai當dang前qian全quan球qiu糧liang油you市shi場chang主zhu要yao品pin種zhong中zhong,隻zhi有you大da米mi市shi場chang供gong求qiu略lve顯xian寬kuan鬆song。建jian議yi抓zhua住zhu機ji會hui,在zai市shi場chang需xu要yao的de情qing況kuang下xia,允yun許xu部bu分fen秈xian米mi進jin口kou,頂ding替ti部bu分fen國guo產chan秈xian米mi的de即ji期qi消xiao費fei,將jiang部bu分fen國guo產chan秈xian稻dao收shou購gou入ru庫ku形xing成cheng庫ku存cun,以yi增zeng強qiang國guo內nei秈xian稻dao市shi場chang調tiao控kong能neng力li。
(四)guojishichangdadoujiagebiaosheng,guoneiyouchangjiagongkuisun,jinkoudadoujijixingxiajiang,yujiwoguodadoujinkouliangjianghuixiajiang,youcaizihecaiziyoujinkoulianghuijixuzengjia,erdouyouhezonglvyoujinkouliangkenenghuixiaofujianshaoyouyumuqianguoneidadouhezhiwuyoukucunliangpangda,shichanggongyingbuhuijinzhang。
糧食儀器網做出預測:預計大豆進口量將會下降。受美國大豆產區持續幹旱,大豆單產和總產量大幅下降的影響,進入6yuefenhou,guojishichangdadoujiagechixushangzhang,bingchuangxialishizuigaojilu。quanqiudadougongyingpianjin,yujijiagejianghuiweichigaoweiyunxing。yujiyoucaizihecaiziyoujinkouliangjianghuizengjia。jinnianjianadacaizichanliangdafuzengjia,bingchuangxialishizuigaojilu,guojishichangcaizijiagedafushangzhangdekenengxingbuda。anzhaodangqianjianadacaizidaowoguokouan697美元/噸計算,到港完稅成本為5550元/噸,油廠壓榨進口油菜籽盈利250元/噸。據悉我國廠商已訂購了200多萬噸今年新產加拿大油菜籽,10月份後將陸續到港。預計油菜籽進口量將超過120萬噸,同比增加26萬wan噸dun。豆dou油you和he棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou量liang可ke能neng會hui出chu現xian下xia降jiang。由you於yu豆dou油you和he棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou成cheng本ben與yu國guo內nei價jia格ge到dao掛gua,加jia上shang國guo內nei植zhi物wu油you供gong應ying充chong裕yu,國guo家jia宏hong觀guan調tiao控kong力li度du不bu斷duan加jia大da,市shi場chang對dui國guo內nei植zhi物wu油you價jia格ge的de看kan漲zhang預yu期qi不bu強qiang,采cai購gou定ding貨huo積ji極ji性xing不bu高gao,預yu計ji國guo內nei豆dou油you和he棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou量liang可ke能neng會hui出chu現xian下xia降jiang。國guo內nei經jing濟ji增zeng長chang放fang緩huan,棕zong櫚lv油you融rong資zi性xing進jin口kou業ye務wu減jian少shao,也ye將jiang影ying響xiang棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou。預yu計ji棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou量liang在zai300萬噸左右,同比降低40萬噸左右;豆油進口量在70萬噸左右,同比降低10萬噸左右。盡管豆油和棕櫚油進口量減少,但目前國內植物油庫存量龐大,而且有300多萬噸的臨時存儲菜籽油,可以隨時投放市場,國內植物油供應不會緊張。在國際市場植物油供應充裕、價格難以大幅上漲的情況下,國內植物油價格出現大幅上漲的可能性很小。
(一)盡(jin)管(guan)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)持(chi)續(xu)高(gao)位(wei)運(yun)行(xing),供(gong)給(gei)偏(pian)緊(jin)趨(qu)勢(shi)明(ming)顯(xian),但(dan)是(shi)到(dao)目(mu)前(qian)為(wei)止(zhi),通(tong)過(guo)增(zeng)加(jia)飼(si)用(yong)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)仍(reng)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)給(gei)美(mei)國(guo)玉(yu)米(mi)大(da)減(jian)產(chan),使(shi)得(de)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)資(zi)源(yuan)促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)難(nan)度(du)加(jia)大(da)。預(yu)計(ji)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang),玉(yu)米(mi)進(jin)口(kou)將(jiang)減(jian)少(shao),但(dan)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)仍(reng)將(jiang)保(bao)持(chi)自(zi)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng)特(te)征(zheng)。
2011年秋季玉米上市後,在大幅度增產預期之下,玉米價格出現了正常的季節性回落。到12月,受黃淮海地區玉米降水偏多、pinzhixiajiangheshangshishijiantuichideyingxiang,dongbeidiquxinchanyumijiagetiqianjieshujijiexinghuiluoxingqingfandan,huanghuaihaidiquyumijiageyezaigaoweiqiwen。zaisiliaoxuqiugengduodijizhongyudongbeideladongxia,dongbeidiquyumijiagebuduanshangzhang,bingladonglenanfangxiaoqusiliaoyumijiageshangxing。2012年(nian),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)在(zai)供(gong)給(gei)方(fang)麵(mian)存(cun)在(zai)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)矛(mao)盾(dun),玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)繼(ji)續(xu)高(gao)於(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)價(jia)格(ge),使(shi)得(de)更(geng)多(duo)小(xiao)麥(mai)替(ti)代(dai)玉(yu)米(mi)進(jin)入(ru)飼(si)料(liao)消(xiao)費(fei)領(ling)域(yu)。今(jin)年(nian)飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)估(gu)計(ji)有(you)1200萬噸,從澳大利亞進口157萬wan噸dun小xiao麥mai,基ji本ben上shang進jin入ru了le南nan方fang飼si料liao消xiao費fei市shi場chang。黃huang淮huai海hai地di區qu大da量liang的de低di品pin質zhi玉yu米mi不bu為wei南nan方fang飼si料liao養yang殖zhi企qi業ye接jie受shou,導dao致zhi東dong北bei地di區qu質zhi量liang符fu合he南nan方fang養yang殖zhi企qi業ye需xu要yao的de優you質zhi玉yu米mi價jia格ge被bei拉la高gao。雖sui然ran今jin年nian玉yu米mi進jin口kou量liang達da到dao240萬wan噸dun,但dan並bing不bu表biao明ming國guo內nei玉yu米mi市shi場chang已yi經jing需xu要yao進jin口kou玉yu米mi來lai實shi現xian供gong求qiu平ping衡heng,因yin為wei這zhe些xie玉yu米mi絕jue大da部bu分fen沒mei有you直zhi接jie進jin入ru市shi場chang而er是shi形xing成cheng了le國guo家jia儲chu備bei。從cong目mu前qian的de情qing況kuang看kan,接jie新xin前qian也ye不bu需xu要yao動dong用yong這zhe部bu分fen玉yu米mi來lai增zeng加jia市shi場chang供gong應ying。國guo內nei玉yu米mi大da豐feng收shou,玉yu米mi和he小xiao麥mai進jin口kou增zeng加jia,國guo內nei玉yu米mi及ji飼si用yong小xiao麥mai供gong應ying增zeng加jia,在zai這zhe些xie因yin素su的de共gong同tong作zuo用yong下xia,2012年國內玉米供求情況總體好於2011年。
雖(sui)然(ran)目(mu)前(qian)東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)還(hai)在(zai)上(shang)漲(zhang),但(dan)在(zai)很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)應(ying)該(gai)歸(gui)為(wei)成(cheng)本(ben)推(tui)動(dong)。統(tong)計(ji)顯(xian)示(shi),目(mu)前(qian)東(dong)北(bei)各(ge)地(di)商(shang)品(pin)玉(yu)米(mi)庫(ku)存(cun)數(shu)量(liang)均(jun)較(jiao)同(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)加(jia)。關(guan)於(yu)東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)優(you)質(zhi)飼(si)用(yong)玉(yu)米(mi)即(ji)將(jiang)告(gao)罄(qing),價(jia)格(ge)將(jiang)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)上(shang)漲(zhang)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)缺(que)乏(fa)事(shi)實(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)。前(qian)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)華(hua)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)增(zeng)長(chang)幅(fu)度(du)已(yi)經(jing)低(di)於(yu)財(cai)務(wu)費(fei)用(yong)的(de)增(zeng)長(chang)幅(fu)度(du),存(cun)有(you)商(shang)品(pin)玉(yu)米(mi)庫(ku)存(cun)的(de)貿(mao)易(yi)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)少(shao)已(yi)經(jing)發(fa)生(sheng)潛(qian)虧(kui)。現(xian)在(zai)距(ju)接(jie)新(xin)隻(zhi)有(you)不(bu)到(dao)兩(liang)個(ge)月(yue)時(shi)間(jian),貿(mao)易(yi)商(shang)出(chu)貨(huo)數(shu)量(liang)已(yi)經(jing)增(zeng)加(jia),導(dao)致(zhi)河(he)北(bei)市(shi)場(chang)玉(yu)米(mi)下(xia)行(xing)行(xing)情(qing)出(chu)現(xian)。美(mei)國(guo)大(da)旱(han)給(gei)全(quan)球(qiu)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)甚(shen)至(zhi)全(quan)球(qiu)整(zheng)個(ge)穀(gu)物(wu)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)求(qiu)帶(dai)來(lai)重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang),國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)玉(yu)米(mi)期(qi)價(jia)已(yi)經(jing)創(chuang)出(chu)曆(li)史(shi)新(xin)高(gao)。根(gen)據(ju)最(zui)新(xin)報(bao)價(jia),從(cong)美(mei)國(guo)進(jin)口(kou)玉(yu)米(mi)到(dao)我(wo)國(guo)南(nan)方(fang)港(gang)口(kou)完(wan)稅(shui)後(hou)的(de)價(jia)格(ge),每(mei)噸(dun)比(bi)國(guo)產(chan)東(dong)北(bei)玉(yu)米(mi)南(nan)方(fang)港(gang)口(kou)分(fen)銷(xiao)價(jia)格(ge)高(gao)200元(yuan)左(zuo)右(you)。國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)再(zai)度(du)高(gao)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei),利(li)用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)兩(liang)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)滿(man)足(zu)國(guo)內(nei)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)難(nan)度(du)加(jia)大(da)。度(du)全(quan)球(qiu)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)已(yi)經(jing)由(you)於(yu)美(mei)國(guo)玉(yu)米(mi)因(yin)災(zai)減(jian)產(chan)而(er)呈(cheng)現(xian)供(gong)給(gei)偏(pian)緊(jin)的(de)格(ge)局(ju),今(jin)年(nian)美(mei)國(guo)玉(yu)米(mi)產(chan)量(liang)又(you)因(yin)旱(han)大(da)降(jiang),使(shi)得(de)我(wo)國(guo)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)外(wai)部(bu)環(huan)境(jing)變(bian)差(cha)。但(dan)是(shi),目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)庫(ku)存(cun)情(qing)況(kuang)明(ming)顯(xian)好(hao)於(yu),小(xiao)麥(mai)庫(ku)存(cun)又(you)十(shi)分(fen)充(chong)裕(yu),加(jia)之(zhi)受(shou)整(zheng)個(ge)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)趨(qu)緩(huan)影(ying)響(xiang),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)消(xiao)費(fei)增(zeng)長(chang)放(fang)緩(huan),國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)並(bing)不(bu)必(bi)須(xu)依(yi)靠(kao)進(jin)口(kou)玉(yu)米(mi)才(cai)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng),因(yin)此(ci)預(yu)測(ce),隻(zhi)要(yao)2012年玉米生產能夠獲得好收成,國內玉米市場能夠在全球玉米供求偏緊的狀況下實現基本穩定。
(二)全球小麥供求狀況較變差,預計我國飼料小麥進口數量將減少
糧油儀器網(wang)指(zhi)出(chu),目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)給(gei)充(chong)足(zu),飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei)增(zeng)加(jia),並(bing)不(bu)會(hui)帶(dai)來(lai)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)求(qiu)失(shi)衡(heng)問(wen)題(ti)。今(jin)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)托(tuo)市(shi)收(shou)購(gou)普(pu)遍(bian)啟(qi)動(dong),國(guo)家(jia)收(shou)購(gou)數(shu)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia),這(zhe)為(wei)穩(wen)定(ding)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)市(shi)場(chang)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)強(qiang)大(da)物(wu)質(zhi)保(bao)障(zhang)。由(you)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei)玉(yu)米(mi)消(xiao)費(fei)快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)長(chang),改(gai)變(bian)了(le)玉(yu)米(mi)與(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)的(de)比(bi)價(jia)關(guan)係(xi),玉(yu)米(mi)價(jia)格(ge)大(da)大(da)高(gao)於(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)價(jia)格(ge),促(cu)進(jin)了(le)飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)用(yong)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)。2011/2012年度全國飼用小麥年消費量增至2300萬(wan)噸(dun)甚(shen)至(zhi)更(geng)多(duo)。大(da)量(liang)小(xiao)麥(mai)進(jin)入(ru)飼(si)料(liao)養(yang)殖(zhi)領(ling)域(yu),使(shi)得(de)當(dang)年(nian)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)大(da)於(yu)當(dang)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)產(chan)量(liang)。但(dan)是(shi),盡(jin)管(guan)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)庫(ku)存(cun)下(xia)降(jiang),可(ke)與(yu)龐(pang)大(da)的(de)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)庫(ku)存(cun)水(shui)平(ping)相(xiang)比(bi),下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)程(cheng)度(du)有(you)限(xian),在(zai)很(hen)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)國(guo)內(nei)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)大(da)於(yu)求(qiu)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)格(ge)局(ju)不(bu)會(hui)改(gai)變(bian)。今(jin)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)進(jin)口(kou)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)新(xin)特(te)征(zheng),與(yu)國(guo)內(nei)消(xiao)費(fei)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)有(you)關(guan),也(ye)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)全(quan)球(qiu)糧(liang)食(shi)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)給(gei)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)特(te)征(zheng),即(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)玉(yu)米(mi)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)給(gei)偏(pian)緊(jin),而(er)全(quan)球(qiu)小(xiao)麥(mai)市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)給(gei)充(chong)足(zu),飼(si)料(liao)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)應(ying)增(zeng)加(jia)。預(yu)計(ji)2012/2013年度全球小麥供求狀況將較要差一些,美國農業部目前預測世界小麥總產量將減至6.65億噸,較減產4.3%。俄羅斯、烏克蘭、哈薩克斯坦、澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞(ya)等(deng)小(xiao)麥(mai)出(chu)口(kou)國(guo)家(jia)減(jian)產(chan),雖(sui)然(ran)采(cai)取(qu)出(chu)口(kou)限(xian)製(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)較(jiao)低(di),但(dan)出(chu)口(kou)能(neng)力(li)下(xia)降(jiang),必(bi)然(ran)影(ying)響(xiang)世(shi)界(jie)小(xiao)麥(mai)貿(mao)易(yi)。聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)糧(liang)農(nong)組(zu)織(zhi)預(yu)測(ce),2012/2013年度世界小麥貿易量將較有所降低。
今jin年nian我wo國guo從cong澳ao大da利li亞ya進jin口kou的de小xiao麥mai最zui多duo,主zhu要yao是shi用yong於yu飼si料liao消xiao費fei,因yin為wei澳ao大da利li亞ya小xiao麥mai運yun到dao國guo內nei後hou的de完wan稅shui價jia格ge比bi國guo產chan玉yu米mi價jia格ge還hai低di。目mu前qian受shou玉yu米mi價jia格ge上shang漲zhang拉la動dong,國guo際ji市shi場chang小xiao麥mai價jia格ge創chuang出chu四si年nian來lai新xin高gao。預yu計ji由you於yu國guo際ji市shi場chang小xiao麥mai供gong給gei能neng力li下xia降jiang,飼si料liao小xiao麥mai替ti代dai玉yu米mi消xiao費fei用yong量liang減jian少shao,通tong過guo增zeng加jia進jin口kou小xiao麥mai彌mi補bu玉yu米mi供gong給gei不bu足zu的de作zuo法fa可ke能neng無wu法fa繼ji續xu。但dan是shi進jin口kou飼si料liao小xiao麥mai數shu量liang減jian產chan,不bu會hui帶dai來lai大da的de影ying響xiang,因yin為wei國guo內nei小xiao麥mai庫ku存cun充chong裕yu,可ke以yi通tong過guo動dong用yong國guo內nei小xiao麥mai庫ku存cun的de辦ban法fa,滿man足zu國guo內nei市shi場chang需xu要yao。
我wo國guo是shi傳chuan統tong的de小xiao麥mai進jin口kou國guo,每mei年nian都dou需xu要yao進jin口kou部bu分fen優you質zhi小xiao麥mai以yi滿man足zu國guo內nei高gao端duan消xiao費fei需xu求qiu。國guo際ji市shi場chang小xiao麥mai出chu口kou國guo家jia呈cheng現xian多duo元yuan化hua特te征zheng,這zhe對dui我wo國guo小xiao麥mai進jin口kou有you利li。
(三)稻米進口增加在一定程度上強化了“稻強米弱”格(ge)局(ju),有(you)利(li)於(yu)穩(wen)定(ding)國(guo)內(nei)秈(xian)稻(dao)市(shi)場(chang),但(dan)也(ye)給(gei)糧(liang)食(shi)形(xing)勢(shi)經(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)帶(dai)來(lai)價(jia)格(ge)下(xia)行(xing)壓(ya)力(li)當(dang)前(qian)需(xu)要(yao)把(ba)握(wo)好(hao)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)節(jie)奏(zou),既(ji)要(yao)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)穩(wen)定(ding),也(ye)要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)進(jin)口(kou)大(da)米(mi)對(dui)國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)形(xing)成(cheng)衝(chong)擊(ji)。
今jin年nian稻dao米mi進jin口kou量liang增zeng加jia較jiao多duo,在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang反fan映ying了le國guo內nei稻dao米mi市shi場chang供gong求qiu出chu現xian變bian化hua的de新xin情qing況kuang。隨sui著zhe我wo國guo粳jing稻dao供gong求qiu偏pian緊jin的de狀zhuang況kuang改gai變bian,國guo內nei秈xian稻dao供gong求qiu又you顯xian偏pian緊jin價jia格ge持chi續xu上shang行xing。持chi續xu上shang漲zhang的de國guo內nei秈xian米mi價jia格ge,為wei進jin口kou一yi般ban品pin質zhi秈xian米mi提ti供gong了le市shi場chang條tiao件jian。建jian議yi目mu前qian不bu必bi過guo於yu擔dan心xin進jin口kou秈xian米mi會hui衝chong擊ji國guo內nei市shi場chang,因yin為wei當dang前qian的de主zhu要yao矛mao盾dun是shi在zai全quan球qiu糧liang油you供gong求qiu總zong體ti偏pian緊jin並bing會hui持chi續xu一yi段duan時shi間jian的de大da背bei景jing下xia,努nu力li實shi現xian國guo內nei糧liang油you市shi場chang穩wen定ding。我wo國guo大da豆dou進jin口kou量liang接jie近jin6000wandun,yumijinkoushuliangyijingkaishizhunianzengjia,guoneixiaomaishichangyeyinsiliaoxiaomaixiaofeizengjiaerzhuanweichanliangxiaoyuxiaofeiliang,suiranguoneidaomishichanggongqiujibenpingheng,danxiandaoshichanggongqiulvexianpianjin。jinkouyibufendijiaxianmi,keyigaishanmuqiandeshichanggongyinghegaibianshichangkanzhangyuqi,yizhijiagedefeilixingshangzhang。
南nan方fang稻dao米mi銷xiao區qu對dui秈xian米mi的de消xiao費fei需xu求qiu很hen大da,增zeng加jia秈xian稻dao庫ku存cun是shi穩wen定ding市shi場chang的de重zhong要yao保bao證zheng。在zai當dang前qian全quan球qiu糧liang油you市shi場chang主zhu要yao品pin種zhong中zhong,隻zhi有you大da米mi市shi場chang供gong求qiu略lve顯xian寬kuan鬆song。建jian議yi抓zhua住zhu機ji會hui,在zai市shi場chang需xu要yao的de情qing況kuang下xia,允yun許xu部bu分fen秈xian米mi進jin口kou,頂ding替ti部bu分fen國guo產chan秈xian米mi的de即ji期qi消xiao費fei,將jiang部bu分fen國guo產chan秈xian稻dao收shou購gou入ru庫ku形xing成cheng庫ku存cun,以yi增zeng強qiang國guo內nei秈xian稻dao市shi場chang調tiao控kong能neng力li。
(四)guojishichangdadoujiagebiaosheng,guoneiyouchangjiagongkuisun,jinkoudadoujijixingxiajiang,yujiwoguodadoujinkouliangjianghuixiajiang,youcaizihecaiziyoujinkoulianghuijixuzengjia,erdouyouhezonglvyoujinkouliangkenenghuixiaofujianshaoyouyumuqianguoneidadouhezhiwuyoukucunliangpangda,shichanggongyingbuhuijinzhang。
糧食儀器網做出預測:預計大豆進口量將會下降。受美國大豆產區持續幹旱,大豆單產和總產量大幅下降的影響,進入6yuefenhou,guojishichangdadoujiagechixushangzhang,bingchuangxialishizuigaojilu。quanqiudadougongyingpianjin,yujijiagejianghuiweichigaoweiyunxing。yujiyoucaizihecaiziyoujinkouliangjianghuizengjia。jinnianjianadacaizichanliangdafuzengjia,bingchuangxialishizuigaojilu,guojishichangcaizijiagedafushangzhangdekenengxingbuda。anzhaodangqianjianadacaizidaowoguokouan697美元/噸計算,到港完稅成本為5550元/噸,油廠壓榨進口油菜籽盈利250元/噸。據悉我國廠商已訂購了200多萬噸今年新產加拿大油菜籽,10月份後將陸續到港。預計油菜籽進口量將超過120萬噸,同比增加26萬wan噸dun。豆dou油you和he棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou量liang可ke能neng會hui出chu現xian下xia降jiang。由you於yu豆dou油you和he棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou成cheng本ben與yu國guo內nei價jia格ge到dao掛gua,加jia上shang國guo內nei植zhi物wu油you供gong應ying充chong裕yu,國guo家jia宏hong觀guan調tiao控kong力li度du不bu斷duan加jia大da,市shi場chang對dui國guo內nei植zhi物wu油you價jia格ge的de看kan漲zhang預yu期qi不bu強qiang,采cai購gou定ding貨huo積ji極ji性xing不bu高gao,預yu計ji國guo內nei豆dou油you和he棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou量liang可ke能neng會hui出chu現xian下xia降jiang。國guo內nei經jing濟ji增zeng長chang放fang緩huan,棕zong櫚lv油you融rong資zi性xing進jin口kou業ye務wu減jian少shao,也ye將jiang影ying響xiang棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou。預yu計ji棕zong櫚lv油you進jin口kou量liang在zai300萬噸左右,同比降低40萬噸左右;豆油進口量在70萬噸左右,同比降低10萬噸左右。盡管豆油和棕櫚油進口量減少,但目前國內植物油庫存量龐大,而且有300多萬噸的臨時存儲菜籽油,可以隨時投放市場,國內植物油供應不會緊張。在國際市場植物油供應充裕、價格難以大幅上漲的情況下,國內植物油價格出現大幅上漲的可能性很小。
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