國內外糧食供應鏈研究現狀介紹
供應鏈理論拓寬了傳統的物流範疇,並與價值鏈理論相融合,將生產、加工等環節均納入其中進行係統考量,其中的產業安全問題尤其受到國內外理論界的普遍關注。1990年以來,供應鏈管理的思想、理(li)論(lun)和(he)方(fang)法(fa)從(cong)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)向(xiang)農(nong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)延(yan)伸(shen),先(xian)後(hou)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)關(guan)於(yu)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)和(he)糧(liang)食(shi)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)。肯(ken)尼(ni)特(te)等(deng)最(zui)早(zao)提(ti)出(chu)糧(liang)食(shi)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)概(gai)念(nian),並(bing)以(yi)麵(mian)包(bao)用(yong)小(xiao)麥(mai)為(wei)例(li)分(fen)析(xi)了(le)小(xiao)麥(mai)質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)級(ji)管(guan)理(li)有(you)利(li)於(yu)加(jia)強(qiang)小(xiao)麥(mai)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)中(zhong)的(de)垂(chui)直(zhi)合(he)作(zuo)。霍(huo)布(bu)斯(si)等(deng)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)指(zhi)出(chu)糧(liang)食(shi)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)垂(chui)直(zhi)合(he)作(zuo)有(you)利(li)於(yu)協(xie)調(tiao)種(zhong)植(zhi)者(zhe)、經營加工企業和決策者利益,索哈等認為一具有全球影響力的糧食供應鏈,應是寬泛的糧食產業、食shi品pin產chan業ye以yi及ji政zheng府fu間jian的de戰zhan略lve聯lian盟meng,且qie供gong應ying鏈lian內nei各ge方fang須xu維wei持chi經jing常chang性xing有you關guan共gong同tong目mu標biao對dui話hua。而er麥mai道dao夫fu較jiao早zao地di觀guan察cha到dao,發fa達da國guo家jia大da型xing農nong業ye跨kua國guo企qi業ye對dui全quan球qiu的de農nong業ye和he食shi品pin生sheng產chan的de壟long斷duan力li量liang在zai逐zhu步bu增zeng長chang,它ta們men通tong過guo合he並bing、收購、知識產權控製和生產專業化等方式,對其他國家的農業產業實施以少數發達國家為中心的垂直一體化戰略,逐漸控製了從原材料供應、核心加工到最終銷售的全部農業和食品生產鏈條。戴維斯等則指出,以利潤為導向、以yi發fa達da國guo家jia為wei中zhong心xin的de世shi界jie農nong業ye一yi體ti化hua生sheng產chan體ti係xi,其qi結jie果guo是shi導dao致zhi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia出chu現xian普pu遍bian的de農nong業ye產chan業ye安an全quan危wei機ji,席xi娃wa認ren為wei,這zhe將jiang剝bo奪duo千qian百bai萬wan人ren口kou的de生sheng存cun權quan與yu取qu食shi權quan,並bing將jiang成cheng為wei發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia未wei來lai產chan生sheng政zheng治zhi經jing濟ji危wei機ji的de根gen源yuan。國guo際ji行xing動dong援yuan助zhu組zu繃beng也ye指zhi出chu,世shi界jie各ge國guo和he國guo際ji組zu織zhi應ying當dang采cai取qu措cuo施shi對dui農nong業ye跨kua國guo公gong司si進jin行xing有you效xiao監jian管guan,防fang止zhi其qi對dui發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia農nong業ye以yi及ji
quanqiuxiaonongzaochengqinhai。xianran,goujianliangshigongyinglianyichengweiguojishangjiaoweitongxingdezuofa,danyifadaguojiaweizhongxindeliangshigongyinglianyiweixiedaofazhanzhongguojiadeliangshichanyeanquan,bingyinqiguowaixueshujiedegaoduzhongshi。raner,duiyufazhanzhongguojiaruhegoujianyizishenweizhongxindeyouliyubaozhangliangshichanyeanquandeliangshigongyinglian,zouchuzai“中心一邊緣”結構的金字塔式“世界體係”中的邊緣化陰影,目前的研究尚較少涉及。
近jin年nian來lai,國guo內nei從cong糧liang食shi供gong應ying鏈lian的de視shi角jiao研yan究jiu糧liang食shi產chan業ye安an全quan的de文wen獻xian逐zhu漸jian增zeng多duo,歸gui納na起qi來lai主zhu要yao有you兩liang種zhong觀guan點dian。一yi是shi認ren為wei我wo國guo糧liang食shi供gong應ying鏈lian管guan理li的de時shi代dai已yi經jing到dao來lai,雖sui然ran其qi立li足zu於yu流liu通tong,但dan絕jue不bu是shi一yi個ge隻zhi涵han蓋gai流liu通tong領ling域yu的de係xi統tong,而er是shi一yi個ge由you糧liang食shi相xiang關guan產chan業ye組zu成cheng的de大da係xi統tong,有you其qi一yi整zheng套tao經jing濟ji目mu標biao體ti係xi;二er是shi從cong外wai資zi進jin入ru糧liang食shi產chan業ye帶dai來lai的de風feng險xian出chu發fa,指zhi出chu外wai資zi加jia速su介jie入ru我wo國guo糧liang食shi產chan業ye鏈lian,正zheng趨qu向xiang於yu從cong種zhong子zi到dao田tian間jian管guan理li等deng整zheng個ge環huan節jie的de控kong製zhi,這zhe已yi危wei及ji我wo國guo糧liang食shi主zhu權quan安an全quan,應ying借jie鑒jian國guo外wai有you益yi經jing驗yan,構gou建jian和he優you化hua我wo國guo糧liang食shi供gong應ying鏈lian。洪hong嵐lan等deng睬cai討tao了le北bei京jing等deng地di區qu的de糧liang食shi供gong應ying鏈lian整zheng合he與yu構gou建jian策ce略lve,邱qiu雁yan以yi為wei要yao引yin導dao糧liang食shi企qi業ye向xiang規gui模mo化hua、chanxiaoyitihuayijichanpinxiangguanduoyuanhuafazhan。mahongmanzhichuyaoduiwaizijinruliangshichanyejinxingshidangjianguan,danyeyaojingtifanminzuzhuyideguodufanlan。guxiulinyiwei,zhongguoliangshichanyeyaogaibianzai“世界體係”中“邊緣區”的de分fen工gong角jiao色se,必bi須xu脫tuo離li以yi資zi本ben強qiang權quan為wei驅qu動dong力li的de全quan球qiu化hua,建jian設she新xin的de公gong平ping的de可ke持chi續xu的de現xian代dai世shi界jie體ti係xi。因yin此ci,可ke以yi看kan出chu,從cong糧liang食shi供gong應ying鏈lian視shi角jiao分fen析xi外wai資zi進jin入ru對dui我wo國guo糧liang食shi產chan業ye安an全quan的de影ying響xiang,可ke以yi較jiao好hao地di洞dong見jian我wo國guo糧liang食shi產chan業ye在zai,全quan球qiu分fen工gong中zhong的de地di位wei,更geng有you效xiao地di防fang範fan外wai資zi進jin入ru所suo可ke能neng帶dai來lai的de風feng險xian。
綜觀已有研究,其中不乏真知灼見,但整體而言,糧食產業安全研究的係統性體現不足,單項研究較多、係統性研究較少,概括性研究較多、深化研究較少;對糧食供應鏈的研究,也多集中於對其本身的闡釋。因此,需要將糧食生產、流通、jiagongdengzhuhuanjiezuoweiyigezhengti,congliangshigongyingliandeshijiao,shenrutantaowaizijinruduiwoguoliangshichanyeanquandeyingxiangjili,duiliangshichanyezhuliantiaodefengxianjinxingtongchoutiaokong,congershixianzaichongfenliyongwaizidetongshi,youxiaoyingduiwaiziduiwoguoliangshichanyedeshentou,xingchengxinxingliangshichanyetixi,xunqiuyizhonggengweizonghe、更為係統、更深層次、更高水平的全方位糧食產業安全。http://www.98fo.cn



